Li Po

(701-762)

 

From:  http://cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/Poetry/Li_Po/

 

AUTUMN RIVER SONG

 

The moon shimmers in green water.

White herons fly through the moonlight.

 

The young man hears a girl gathering water-chestnuts:

into the night, singing, they paddle home together.

 

                Li T'ai-po

                tr. Hamil

 

 

WATERFALL AT LU-SHAN

 

Sunlight streams on the river stones.

From high above, the river steadily plunges—

 

three thousand feet of sparkling water—

the Milky Way pouring down from heaven.

 

                Li T'ai-po

                tr. Hamil

 

 

SHE SPINS SILK

 

Far up river in Szechuan,

waters rise as spring winds roar.

 

How can I dare to meet her now,

to brave the dangerous gorge?

 

The grass grows green in the valley below

where silk worms silently spin.

 

Her hands work threads that never end,

dawn to dusk when the cuckoo sings.

 

                Li T'ai-po

                tr. Hamil

 

 

CLEARING AT DAWN

 

The fields are chill, the sparse rain has stopped;

The colours of Spring teem on every side.

With leaping fish the blue pond is full;

With singing thrushes the green boughs droop.

The flowers of the field have dabbled their powdered cheeks;

The mountain grasses are bent level at the waist.

By the bamboo stream the last fragment of cloud

Blown by the wind slowly scatters away.

 

                Li Po

                tr. Waley

 

 

DRINKING ALONE

 

I take my wine jug out among the flowers

to drink alone, without friends.

 

I raise my cup to entice the moon.

That, and my shadow, makes us three.

 

But the moon doesn't drink,

and my shadow silently follows.

 

I will travel with moon and shadow,

happy to the end of spring.

 

When I sing, the moon dances.

When I dance, my shadow dances, too.

 

We share life's joys when sober.

Drunk, each goes a separate way.

 

Constant friends, although we wander,

we'll meet again in the Milky Way.

 

                Li T'ai-po

                tr. Hamil

 

 

LISTENING TO A FLUTE IN YELLOW CRANE PAVILLION

 

I came here a wanderer

thinking of home,

remembering my far away Ch'ang-an.

And then, from deep in Yellow Crane Pavillion,

I heard a beautiful bamboo flute

play "Falling Plum Blossoms."

It was late spring in a city by the river.

 

                Li T'ai-po

                tr. Hamil

 

 

MOUNTAIN DRINKING SONG

 

To drown the ancient sorrows,

we drank a hundred jugs of wine

there in the beautiful night.

We couldn't go to bed with the moon so bright.

 

The finally the wine overcame us

and we lay down on the empty mountain--

the earth for a pillow,

and a blanket made of heaven.

 

                Li T'ai-po

                tr. Hamil

 

 

ON DRAGON HILL

 

Drunk on Dragon Hill tonight,

the banished immortal, Great White,

 

turns among yellow flowers,

his smile wide,

 

as his hat sails away on the wind

and he dances away in the moonlight.

 

                Li T'ai-po

                tr. Hamil

 

 

IN THE MOUNTAINS ON A SUMMER DAY

 

Gently I stir a white feather fan,

With open shirt sitting in a green wood.

I take off my cap and hang it on a jutting stone;

A wind from the pine-tree trickles on my bare head.

 

                Li T'ai-po

                tr. Waley

 

 

From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Po

Li Bai or Li Po (701-762) was a Chinese poet who lived during the Tang Dynasty.

His name was traditionally pronounced Li Bo or Li Po (depending on the romanisation), hence the familiar name Li Po by which he has long been known in the West. However, the use of the pronunciation '' (pinyin romanisation), originally associated with the reading of Classical Chinese, has largely disappeared in modern China, partly as a result of language planning and standardisation.

Called the Poet Immortal, Li Bai is often regarded, along with Du Fu, as one of the two greatest poets in China's literary history. Approximately 1,100 of his poems remain today. The Western world was introduced to Li Bai's works through the very liberal translations of Japanese versions of his poems made by Ezra Pound.

 

Li Bai is best known for the extravagant imagination and striking Taoist imagery in his poetry, as well as for his great love for liquor. Like Du Fu, he spent much of his life travelling, although in his case it was because his wealth allowed him to, rather than because his poverty forced him. He is said to have drowned in the Yangtze River, having fallen from his boat while drunkenly trying to embrace the reflection of the moon.

 

Biography

Names

Chinese:

 

Pinyin:

or Bái

Wade-Giles:

Li Po or Li Pai

:

Tàibái

Hào:

Qīnglián Jūshì

aka:

Shīxiān,
Poet Immortal

 

Li Bai's birthplace is uncertain, but one candidate is Suiye in Central Asia (near modern day Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan). However his family had originally dwelled in what's now southeastern Gansu [1], and later moved to Jiangyou, near modern Chengdu in Sichuan province, when he was five years old. He was influenced by Confucian and Taoist thought, but ultimately his family heritage did not provide him with much opportunity in the aristocratic Tang Dynasty. Though he expressed the wish to become an official, he did not sit for the Chinese civil service examination. Instead, beginning at age twenty-five, he travelled around China, enjoying wine and leading a carefree life -very much contrary to the prevailing ideas of a proper Confucian gentleman. His personality fascinated the aristocrats and common people alike and he was introduced to the Emperor Xuanzong around 742.

He was given a post at the Hanlin Academy, which served to provide a source of scholarly expertise and poetry for the Emperor. Li Bai remained less than two years as a poet in the Emperor's service before he was dismissed for an unknown indiscretion. Thereafter he wandered throughout China for the rest of his life. He met Du Fu in the autumn of 744, and again the following year. These were the only occasions on which they met, but the friendship remained particularly important for the starstruck Du Fu (a dozen of his poems to or about Li Bai survive, compared to only one by Li Bai to Du Fu). At the time of the An Lushan Rebellion he became involved in a subsidiary revolt against the Emperor, although the extent to which this was voluntary is unclear. The failure of the rebellion resulted in his being exiled a second time, to Yelang. He was pardoned before the exile journey was complete.

Li Bai died in Dangtu in modern day Anhui. Traditionally he was said to have drowned attempting to embrace the moons's reflection in a river; some scholars believe his death was the result of mercury poisoning due to a long history of imbibing Taoist longevity elixirs while others believe that he died of too much sex.

 

Simon Elegant novelized Li Po's life in his 1997 work, A Floating Life.

 

Poetry

Over a thousand poems are attributed to him, but the authenticity of many of these is uncertain. He is best known for his yue fu poems, which are intense and often fantastic. He is often associated with Taoism: there is a strong element of this in his works, both in the sentiments they express and in their spontaneous tone. Nevertheless, his gufeng ("ancient airs") often adopt the perspective of the Confucian moralist, and many of his occasional verses are fairly conventional.

 

Much like the genius of Mozart there exist many legends on how effortlessly Li Bai composed his poetry; he was said to be able to compose at an astounding speed, without correction. His favorite form is the jueju (five- or seven-character quatrain), of which he composed some 160 pieces. Li Bai's use of language is not as erudite as Du Fu's but impresses equally through an extravagance of imagination and a direct correlation of his free-spirited persona with the reader. Li Bai's interactions with nature, friendship, his love of wine and his acute observations of life inform his best poems. Some, like Changgan xing (translated by Ezra Pound as A River Merchant's Wife: A Letter), record the hardships or emotions of common people. He also wrote a number of very oblique poems on women.

 

One of Li Bai's most famous poems is Drinking Alone under the Moon (月下獨酌, pinyin Yuè Xià Zhuó), which is a good example of some of the most famous aspects of his poetry -- a very spontaneous poem, full of natural imagery and anthropomorphism:

There are 4 poems Li Bai wrote under this title, this is the most famous.

 

Amongst the flowers is a pot of wine;

I pour alone but with no friend at hand;

So I lift the cup to invite the shining moon;

Along with my shadow, a fellowship of three.

The moon understands not the art of drinking;

The shadow gingerly follows my movements;

Still I make the moon and the shadow my company;

To enjoy the springtime before too late.

The moon lingers while I am singing;

The shadow scatters while I am dancing;

We share the cheers of delight when sober;

We separate our ways after getting drunk;

Forever will we keep this unfettered friendship;

Til we meet again far in the Milky Way.

 

Influence

Li Bai is known in the West partly due to Ezra Pound's versions of some of his poems in Cathay, and due to Gustav Mahler's integration of four of his works in Das Lied von der Erde. These were in a German translation by Hans Bethge, published in an anthology called Die chinesische Flöte (The Chinese Flute), that in turn followed a French translation. There is another striking musical setting of his verse by the American composer Harry Partch, whose Seventeen Lyrics by Li Po for intoning voice and Adapted Viola (an instrument of Partch's own invention) are based on the texts in The Works of Li Po, the Chinese Poet translated by Shigeyoshi Obata.

A crater on the planet Mercury has been named after him.

It is possible that Li Bai was the creator of the martial art Zui Quan.

 

Footnotes

  1. Two accounts given by contemporaries Li Yangbing (Preface to the Thatched Cottage Collection) and Fan Chuanzheng (Tang's Zuo Sheyi Hanlin Xueshi Li Gong's Xin Mubei Bingxu) stated that his families was originally from what's now southeastern Gansu, as in the Xin Tangshu 215.

 

 

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